Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex, multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition shaped by genetic, environmental, and social influences. With its diverse presentations—from communication challenges to sensory sensitivities and co-occurring conditions—understanding ASD demands a nuanced, interdisciplinary approach. Advances in genomics, neuroimaging, AI, and precision medicine are revolutionizing diagnostics and treatment, while inclusive education, employment opportunities, and cultural advocacy are redefining what support and empowerment look like for autistic individuals across the lifespan. Embracing neurodiversity, ensuring equitable access to care, and fostering global, cross-sectoral collaboration hold the key to a more compassionate, capability-driven future.